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From the Editor

Sudan has been devastated by civil war, creating one of the world’s gravest humanitarian crises in recent history. Nearly 19.5 million people face acute food insecurity, and almost one million children suffer from extreme malnutrition. Yet this catastrophe receives far too little international attention. As countries such as Canada work with other middle powers to shape a new global order, does Sudan illustrate the risk of neglecting peace and human security?

Canada pledged CAD 120 million in humanitarian assistance for Sudan in 2026 in response to the international donor conference in Berlin last April. While this is welcomed, it pales beside Canada’s projected CAD 63 billion defence budget this year. Strengthening national defence is important, but it should not come at the expense of Canada’s global responsibilities. Humanitarian assistance and peacebuilding are essential investments in preventing conflict and reducing human suffering.

Canada is well positioned to address the roots of the Sudan conflict. Beyond humanitarian aid, it could champion diplomacy and civilian protection through the United Nations and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) framework. It could also modestly increase investment in peacebuilding, UN peacekeeping, and human security—areas that would reinforce, not weaken, Canada’s overall security.

Canada should further support accountability through the International Criminal Court (ICC). As a State Party, it can advocate investigations into atrocities committed during the conflict, reinforcing international norms against genocide and war crimes.

The recent appointment of Louise Arbour as Governor General highlights Canada’s capacity to champion justice and human rights. In this edition, “How We May Have Prevented Sudan’s Wars,” “Tools for Preventing War,” “Article 109,” and “The Criminology of War” explore how Canada can respond to Sudan through multilateral action, peacekeeping, and international justice.

As Arbour observed, “No security without development; no development without security; and no security and development without human rights.”

Jill Carr-Harris
Guest Editor